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Anaerobic Digestion on Swine Farms: Assessing Current Barriers and Future Opportunities

January 20, 2013 in Reports & Whitepapers

The United States has an enormous amount of untapped potential for collecting biogas from organic waste streams to produce useful forms of energy. Most of the U.S. biogas development in the last 20 years has used dairy manure as a feedstock source. Development has also occurred at wastewater treatment facilities or food processing facilities with a wastewater stream.
A livestock sector that has not received much attention for anaerobic digestion implementation opportunities is swine. According to a Market Opportunities report from US EPA AgStar there are 5,596 swine farms nationwide that are candidates for AD. Currently, there are 26 operational systems in the U.S. Given the gulf between potential and operational; we could be doing much better.
This whitepaper summarizes research findings assessing the barriers and opportunities for implementing anaerobic digestion projects using swine manure as a feedstock.

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North Dakota Oil Boom: Key Challenges Facing the State

November 16, 2012 in Carbon Management Author: Brad Crabtree
This week I traveled to Houston Texas to take part in the 2012 Transatlantic Science Week – Energy Technology Workshop. I gave a presentation titled – Technical and Social Challenges when North Dakota becomes the second largest oil producing state in the USA. The Great Plains Institute is working to help build continued collaboration between the energy-rich Norway and North Dakota.

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Senators come together to achieve a win for energy security, the environment, and the economy

October 10, 2012 in Carbon Management Author: Brad Crabtree
Capitol GraphicIn the midst of the election season, with partisan politics in full force, a group of Senators came together to introduce legislation that aims to achieve a win for energy security, the environment and the economy in the U.S. In September, Senators Kent Conrad (D-ND), Mike Enzi (R-WY), and Jay Rockefeller (D-WV) introduced bi-partisan legislation that supports expansion of carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR).

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Press Release: The Great Plains Institute commends Conrad-Enzi-Rockefeller bill

September 20, 2012 in Carbon Management, News & Press

Press Release GraphicThe Great Plains Institute commends Conrad-Enzi-Rockefeller bill to increase American oil production and reduce carbon emissions MINNEAPOLIS, MN – Today, Sens. Kent Conrad (D-ND), Mike Enzi (R-WY), and Jay Rockefeller (D-WV) introduced a bipartisan bill to advance the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), an important opportunity to strengthen our national security by reducing dependence on imported oil through increased American oil production; create new jobs and increase investment across the country; and reduce CO2 emissions from a range of industrial sources—all at the same time.

The Great Plains Institute applauds Senators Conrad, Enzi and Rockefeller for introducing legislation that improves the existing Section 45Q Tax Credit for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in order to secure private sector investment in critical, near-term projects to capture CO2 from power plants and industrial sources for use in EOR projects that increase oil production and reduce emissions through geologic carbon storage.

The bill reflects recommendations from the National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative (NEORI), which brings together a broad coalition of leaders from industry, labor, state government, and environmental groups. NEORI is convened by the Great Plains Institute and the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES).

Midwestern Ethanol Innovation: Maximizing Process Efficiency and Carbon Reduction

May 20, 2012 in Reports & Whitepapers, Transportation & Fuels

An extension of our work with the MGA Advanced Transportation Fuels Advisory Group, this new white paper provides an overview of opportunities for improving efficiency and environmental performance at corn ethanol plants. Starting with a description of the ethanol production process, we then provide a menu of practices and technologies that can be implemented to reduce energy use, costs and greenhouse gas emissions. We also provide examples of plants that are currently using these practices. While progress on ethanol  innovation is being made, there remains a large opportunity for broader adoption of these strategies.

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Modifications to the 45Q Tax Credit

February 15, 2012 in Carbon Management, Reports & Whitepapers

The National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative (NEORI) recommends that Congress consider implementing arevenue-positive federal production tax credit to support deployment of commercial carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and pipeline projects. A new, more robust federal incentive is needed to increase the supply of man-made or anthropogenic CO2 that the oil industry can purchase for use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to increase domestic production from existing oil fields.

NEORI also recommends that Congress undertake immediate modification of the existing Section 45Q Tax Credit for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration, through legislative action and/or working with the Department of the Treasury to revise Internal Revenue Service program guidance.

To avoid stalling important commercial CO2 capture projects under development, there is an urgent need to improve the functionality and financial certainty of this federal incentive to enable its effective commercial use.

To make 45Q immediately accessible to US companies, Congress should pursue the following changes to the program:

  • Designate the owner of the CO2 capture facility as the primary taxpayer;
  • Establish a registration, credit allocation, and certification process;
  • Change the recapture provision to ensure that any regulations issued after the disposal or use of CO2 shall not enable the government to recapture credits that were awarded according to regulations that existed at the time; and
  • Authorize limited transferability of the credit within the CO2 chain of custody, from the primary taxpayer to the entity responsible for disposing of the CO2.

The consensus recommendations below detail the specific 45Q program modifications requested, and the section-by-section summary provides further explanation and context.

Background and Rationale
Section 45Q makes available a per-ton credit for CO2 disposed of in secure geologic storage. The program provides $10 per metric ton for CO2 stored through EOR operations and $20 per metric ton for CO2 stored in deep saline formations. However, due to unforeseen issues in the original statute (§ 115 of the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008), the 45Q program lacks sufficient transparency and certainty for companies to be able to use the credit to secure private financing for projects.

Large-scale expansion of commercial EOR using industrially-sourced CO2 later in this decade requires that critical industrial capture projects begin construction now and enter commercial operation within the next few
years. If Congress makes modest, functional improvements this year to 45Q that result in little or no additional fiscal cost, the program currently authorized at 75 million metric tons of CO2 stored can help several significant EOR projects nationwide secure private sector financing and move forward to commercial operation.

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Opportunities to enable interstate coordination & cooperation in support of transmission infrastructure build-out in the Midwest

September 1, 2011 in Energy Systems, Reports & Whitepapers

Transmission infrastructure development is fundamental to the successful build-out of large-scale renewable energy production and other sources of cleaner, advanced energy production in the Midwest. The level of transmission build-out needed to support deployment of cleaner energy will require multiple jurisdictions and authorities to coordinate and collaborate. A robust, reliable and cost-effective transmission system can be achieved through coordination and cooperation at the state, regional and federal levels and through engagement of key stakeholders to provide guidance on policy development and implementation. Continue reading »

Spotlight On Biogas: Policies for Utilization and Deployment in the Midwest

August 2, 2010 in Reports & Whitepapers
Biogas is a renewable energy resource that holds tremendous potential to help meet our future energy needs. As a versatile energy resource, it can be utilized as a feedstock for electricity and/or heat, a source of renewable natural gas, or as a vehicle fuel. Materials that can be used to produce biogas are abundant, especially in the Midwest – an area rich with livestock production, food processing byproducts, and crop residues. Agricultural production is not the only source of biogas production in the Midwest; wastewater treatment facilities, urban wood and yard wastes, and landfills also provide a feedstock source.

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